The Verdict: Not eligible
Citizenship by conferral is closed to you, because it needs four years living in Australia. Look at skilled migration first, or check whether you have a claim by descent.
The requirement is four years of lawful residence in Australia, the last twelve months as a permanent resident. No version of this route runs from outside the country.
The ways in are points-tested skilled migration, employer sponsorship, and a partner visa if your partner is an Australian citizen or permanent resident.
Check two things first. If a parent was an Australian citizen when you were born, you may be able to claim citizenship by descent from anywhere. If you were once an Australian citizen and lost it, you can apply to resume it from outside Australia.