The Verdict: Not eligible
You did not inherit Colombian nationality, because your parent was not yet Colombian when you were born. You can, though, get a visa as the child of a naturalised Colombian if you are under 25 and depend on them.
A parent's naturalisation passes Colombian nationality only to children born afterwards. Minor children can be included in the parent's own naturalisation, but only in the same application, so that door closed when your parent's file was decided.
What works instead: a migrant visa for the child of a naturalised Colombian (Resolution 5477 of 2022, Article 69) is open to children under 25 who depend on that parent financially. After two years on it you can apply for a resident visa, and five years after that you could apply to naturalise. Our Naturalization quiz for Colombia covers the last step.
If you have younger brothers or sisters born after your parent naturalised, they are Colombian and can register.