The Verdict: Need More Info
You may be able to naturalise from abroad, and it turns on whether your employer and role count as residence in France. Ask your employer for a letter describing your role and its link to France.
Article 21-26 of the Civil Code treats as resident in France people working abroad for the French state, or for bodies whose activity matters to France's economy or culture, and people serving in the French armed forces. The same applies to a spouse living with them.
A post with a French embassy, a French public body or a French school abroad fits most clearly. Work for a French company abroad is assessed on the company's importance to France.
The other conditions are the same as for anyone: five years of this residence, French at B2 and the civic exam, and a decision at the government's discretion. Applications go through the French consulate.