Which of these could you do?
Portugal — Golden Visa & Citizenship by Investment
These are the categories the statute lists, and they are the whole of it. Two of them are donations rather than investments — the money goes to a public body or a research institution and does not come back — while the fund and company routes leave you holding something, and the job-creation route involves no lump sum at all. Property was removed in October 2023, and the law now says qualifying investments may not be directed at real estate directly or indirectly. The 20% reduction for low-density areas applies only to the job creation, research and cultural routes, not to the two €500,000 ones.
€500,000 into a Portuguese fund that does not invest in property — an investment you hold → €500,000 into a Portuguese company creating five permanent jobs — an investment you hold → €500,000 to research in Portugal — a donation, not returned → €250,000 to artistic production or the national heritage — a donation, not returned → Creating ten jobs in Portugal, with no capital transfer at all → Buying property in Portugal → Less than those amounts, or I haven't decided what I could commit →